ABR 010
Code: ABR 010
Country: Tibet (central)
Style:
Date: 1150 - 1250
Dimensions in cm WxHxD: 6.1 x 25 x 6.1
Materials: Iron
Nine-pronged diamond sceptre (navasucika-vajra)
The vajra (Skt.) known in Tibetan as rDo rje («dorje») is generally interpreted as “diamond sceptre”. The vajra symbolizes the male principle; the transcendent diamond which cannot be destroyed, as a symbol of the spiritual path. This attribute is of great antiquity and originated in the West where it was known as a thunderbolt and was the attribute of Wotan and Zeus. In India the vajra was first associated with the Vedic deity Indra and later with the Buddhist Vajrapani.
The vajra (Skt.) known in Tibetan as rDo rje («dorje») is generally interpreted as “diamond sceptre”. The vajra symbolizes the male principle; the transcendent diamond which cannot be destroyed, as a symbol of the spiritual path. This attribute is of great antiquity and originated in the West where it was known as a thunderbolt and was the attribute of Wotan and Zeus. In India the vajra was first associated with the Vedic deity Indra and later with the Buddhist Vajrapani.
Dorje
Vajras may have nine, five or three spokes. The spokes of a peaceful Vajra meet at the tip whereas those of a wrathful vajra are slightly splayed at the end. When paired with a bell their length can vary from four finger-widths to twenty-eight finger widths.
The upper sets of spokes of a five-spoked vajra symbolize the five wisdoms, which are:
* The mirror like wisdom-that which reflects all sense perceptions is purified when one attains enlightenment and becomes the mirror like wisdom.
* The wisdom of equality-arises after all the feelings of pleasantness, unpleasantness and indifference have been purified.
* The wisdom of individual analysis-arises when the factor of discrimination, which distinguishes one object from another is purified. It enables one to benefit each sentient being according to his or her needs and disposition.
* The wisdom of accomplishing activity-arises when the basic ability to perform acts according to particular circumstances is purified.
* The wisdom of the sphere of reality-arises when consciousness is purified and becomes the mind that is the seed of the wisdom truth body of a Buddha. The five lower spokes symbolize have five mothers.
Vajra
(From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia)
Vajra (Devanagari) is a Sanskrit word meaning both thunderbolt and diamond. It is a short metal weapon that has the nature of a diamond (it can cut any substance but not be cut itself) and the nature of the thunderbolt (irresistible force). The vajra has come to represent firmness of spirit and spiritual power. It is a ritual tool or spiritual implement which is symbolically used by Buddhism, Jainism and Hinduism. Because of its symbolic importance, the vajra spread along with Indian religion and culture to other parts of Asia. It was used as both a weapon and a symbol in India, Tibet, Bhutan, Siam, Cambodia, Myanmar, China, Korea and Japan
The equivalent word in Tibetan is dorje (Wylie: rdo-rje; ZWPY: dojê), which is also a common male name in Tibet and Bhutan. Dorje can also refer to a small sceptre held in the right hand by Tibetan lamas during religious ceremonies.
In Hindu mythology, Vajra is the weapon of Indra, the Vedic god of rain and king of Devas. It is a powerful weapon having the combined features of sword, mace, and spear.
In Jainism, the vajra is the symbol or mark for one of the Thirthankars namely Dharmanatha.
Tantric Buddhism
In Tantric Buddhism the vajra represents the male sexual organ, cosmic force, and compassion. The bell symbolizes the female sexual organ, the female cosmic force principle, and the virtue of wisdom. Some deities are shown holding each part of the vajra in separate hands, this symbolizes the union of the forces of compassion and wisdom.
Vajra and Vajrayana
The vajra destroys all kinds of ignorance, and itself is indestructible. In tantric rituals the Vajra symbolizes the male principle which represents method in the right hand and the Bell symbolizes the female principle, which is held in the left. Their interaction leads to enlightenment. Also, the Dorje or Vajra represents the "Upaya" or method Tibetans name Vajra as "Dorje". When made to be worn as a pendant, it reminds the wearer, and the viewer, of the supreme indestructibility of knowledge.
In Buddhism the vajra is the symbol of Vajrayana, one of the three major branches of Buddhism. Vajrayana is translated as "Thunderbolt Way" or "Diamond Way" and can imply the thunderbolt experience of Buddhist enlightenment or bodhi and also implies indestructibility, just as diamonds are harder than other gemstones.
In the tantric traditions of both Buddhism and Hinduism, the vajra is a symbol for the nature of reality, or sunyata, indicating endless creativity, potency, and skillful activity. The term is employed extensively in tantric literature: the term for the spiritual teacher is the vajracarya; instead of bodhisattva, we have vajrasattva, and so on. The practice of prefixing terms, names, places, and so on by vajra represents the conscious attempt to recognize the transcendental aspect of all phenomena; it became part of the process of "sacramentalizing" the activities of the spiritual practitioner and encouraged him to engage all his psychophysical energies in the spiritual life.
An instrument symbolizing vajra is also extensively used in the rituals of the tantra. It consists of a spherical central section, with two symmetrical sets of five prongs, which arc out from lotus blooms on either side of the sphere and come to a point at two points equidistant from the centre, thus giving it the appearance of a "diamond sceptre", which is how the term is sometimes translated.
Various figures in Tantric iconography are represented holding or wielding the vajra. Three of the most famous of these are Vajrasattva, Vajrapani, and Padmasambhava. Vajrasattva (lit. vajra-being) holds the vajra, in his right hand, to his heart. The figure of the Wrathful Vajrapani (lit. vajra in the hand) brandishes the vajra, in his right hand, above his head. Padmasambhava holds the vajra above his right knee in his right hand.
Symbolism
The vajra is made up of several parts:
* In the center is a sphere which represents Sunyata, the primordial nature of the universe, the underlying unity of all things.
* Emerging from the sphere are two eight petalled lotus flowers. One represents the phenomenal world (or in Buddhist terms Samsara), the other represents the noumenal world (or Nirvana). This is one of the fundamental dichotomies which are perceived by the unenlightened.
* Arranged equally around the mouth of the lotus are two, four, or eight mythical creatures which are called makaras. These are mythological half-fish, half-crocodile creatures made up of two or more animals, often representing the union of opposites, (or a harmonisation of qualities that transcend our usual experience).
* From the mouths of the makaras come tongues which come together in a point.
The five-pronged vajra (with four makaras, plus a central prong) is the most commonly seen vajra. There is an elaborate system of correspondences between the five elements of the noumenal side of the vajra, and the phenomenal side. One important correspondence is between the five "poisons" with the five wisdoms. The five poisons are the mental states that obscure the original purity of a being's mind, while the five wisdoms are the five most important aspects of the enlightened mind. Each of the five wisdoms is also associated with a Buddha figure. (see also Five Wisdom Buddhas)
The following are the five poisons and the analogous five wisdoms with their associated Buddha figures:
Poison – Wisdom- Buddha
Desire - wisdom of individuality-Amitabha
Anger, hatred - mirror-like wisdom- Akshobhya
Delusion - reality wisdom- Vairocana
Greed, pride - wisdom of equanimity- Ratnasambhava
Envy - all-accomplishing wisdom-Amoghasiddhi
The wisdom of individuality is also known as Discriminating Wisdom.
* Dallapiccola, Anna L. Dictionary of Hindu Lore and Legend. ISBN 0-500-51088-1
* Vessantara. Meeting The Buddhas. Windhorse Publications, 2003.
* Vessantara. Vajra and Bell. Windhorse Publications, 2001.
* McArthur, Meher. Reading Buddhist Art: An Illustrated Guide to Buddhist Signs And Symbols. Thames & Hudson Ltd, 2002.
Vajras may have nine, five or three spokes. The spokes of a peaceful Vajra meet at the tip whereas those of a wrathful vajra are slightly splayed at the end. When paired with a bell their length can vary from four finger-widths to twenty-eight finger widths.
The upper sets of spokes of a five-spoked vajra symbolize the five wisdoms, which are:
* The mirror like wisdom-that which reflects all sense perceptions is purified when one attains enlightenment and becomes the mirror like wisdom.
* The wisdom of equality-arises after all the feelings of pleasantness, unpleasantness and indifference have been purified.
* The wisdom of individual analysis-arises when the factor of discrimination, which distinguishes one object from another is purified. It enables one to benefit each sentient being according to his or her needs and disposition.
* The wisdom of accomplishing activity-arises when the basic ability to perform acts according to particular circumstances is purified.
* The wisdom of the sphere of reality-arises when consciousness is purified and becomes the mind that is the seed of the wisdom truth body of a Buddha. The five lower spokes symbolize have five mothers.
Vajra
(From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia)
Vajra (Devanagari) is a Sanskrit word meaning both thunderbolt and diamond. It is a short metal weapon that has the nature of a diamond (it can cut any substance but not be cut itself) and the nature of the thunderbolt (irresistible force). The vajra has come to represent firmness of spirit and spiritual power. It is a ritual tool or spiritual implement which is symbolically used by Buddhism, Jainism and Hinduism. Because of its symbolic importance, the vajra spread along with Indian religion and culture to other parts of Asia. It was used as both a weapon and a symbol in India, Tibet, Bhutan, Siam, Cambodia, Myanmar, China, Korea and Japan
The equivalent word in Tibetan is dorje (Wylie: rdo-rje; ZWPY: dojê), which is also a common male name in Tibet and Bhutan. Dorje can also refer to a small sceptre held in the right hand by Tibetan lamas during religious ceremonies.
In Hindu mythology, Vajra is the weapon of Indra, the Vedic god of rain and king of Devas. It is a powerful weapon having the combined features of sword, mace, and spear.
In Jainism, the vajra is the symbol or mark for one of the Thirthankars namely Dharmanatha.
Tantric Buddhism
In Tantric Buddhism the vajra represents the male sexual organ, cosmic force, and compassion. The bell symbolizes the female sexual organ, the female cosmic force principle, and the virtue of wisdom. Some deities are shown holding each part of the vajra in separate hands, this symbolizes the union of the forces of compassion and wisdom.
Vajra and Vajrayana
The vajra destroys all kinds of ignorance, and itself is indestructible. In tantric rituals the Vajra symbolizes the male principle which represents method in the right hand and the Bell symbolizes the female principle, which is held in the left. Their interaction leads to enlightenment. Also, the Dorje or Vajra represents the "Upaya" or method Tibetans name Vajra as "Dorje". When made to be worn as a pendant, it reminds the wearer, and the viewer, of the supreme indestructibility of knowledge.
In Buddhism the vajra is the symbol of Vajrayana, one of the three major branches of Buddhism. Vajrayana is translated as "Thunderbolt Way" or "Diamond Way" and can imply the thunderbolt experience of Buddhist enlightenment or bodhi and also implies indestructibility, just as diamonds are harder than other gemstones.
In the tantric traditions of both Buddhism and Hinduism, the vajra is a symbol for the nature of reality, or sunyata, indicating endless creativity, potency, and skillful activity. The term is employed extensively in tantric literature: the term for the spiritual teacher is the vajracarya; instead of bodhisattva, we have vajrasattva, and so on. The practice of prefixing terms, names, places, and so on by vajra represents the conscious attempt to recognize the transcendental aspect of all phenomena; it became part of the process of "sacramentalizing" the activities of the spiritual practitioner and encouraged him to engage all his psychophysical energies in the spiritual life.
An instrument symbolizing vajra is also extensively used in the rituals of the tantra. It consists of a spherical central section, with two symmetrical sets of five prongs, which arc out from lotus blooms on either side of the sphere and come to a point at two points equidistant from the centre, thus giving it the appearance of a "diamond sceptre", which is how the term is sometimes translated.
Various figures in Tantric iconography are represented holding or wielding the vajra. Three of the most famous of these are Vajrasattva, Vajrapani, and Padmasambhava. Vajrasattva (lit. vajra-being) holds the vajra, in his right hand, to his heart. The figure of the Wrathful Vajrapani (lit. vajra in the hand) brandishes the vajra, in his right hand, above his head. Padmasambhava holds the vajra above his right knee in his right hand.
Symbolism
The vajra is made up of several parts:
* In the center is a sphere which represents Sunyata, the primordial nature of the universe, the underlying unity of all things.
* Emerging from the sphere are two eight petalled lotus flowers. One represents the phenomenal world (or in Buddhist terms Samsara), the other represents the noumenal world (or Nirvana). This is one of the fundamental dichotomies which are perceived by the unenlightened.
* Arranged equally around the mouth of the lotus are two, four, or eight mythical creatures which are called makaras. These are mythological half-fish, half-crocodile creatures made up of two or more animals, often representing the union of opposites, (or a harmonisation of qualities that transcend our usual experience).
* From the mouths of the makaras come tongues which come together in a point.
The five-pronged vajra (with four makaras, plus a central prong) is the most commonly seen vajra. There is an elaborate system of correspondences between the five elements of the noumenal side of the vajra, and the phenomenal side. One important correspondence is between the five "poisons" with the five wisdoms. The five poisons are the mental states that obscure the original purity of a being's mind, while the five wisdoms are the five most important aspects of the enlightened mind. Each of the five wisdoms is also associated with a Buddha figure. (see also Five Wisdom Buddhas)
The following are the five poisons and the analogous five wisdoms with their associated Buddha figures:
Poison – Wisdom- Buddha
Desire - wisdom of individuality-Amitabha
Anger, hatred - mirror-like wisdom- Akshobhya
Delusion - reality wisdom- Vairocana
Greed, pride - wisdom of equanimity- Ratnasambhava
Envy - all-accomplishing wisdom-Amoghasiddhi
The wisdom of individuality is also known as Discriminating Wisdom.
* Dallapiccola, Anna L. Dictionary of Hindu Lore and Legend. ISBN 0-500-51088-1
* Vessantara. Meeting The Buddhas. Windhorse Publications, 2003.
* Vessantara. Vajra and Bell. Windhorse Publications, 2001.
* McArthur, Meher. Reading Buddhist Art: An Illustrated Guide to Buddhist Signs And Symbols. Thames & Hudson Ltd, 2002.
Bazin, Nathalie, 2002. Catalogue. Rituels tibétains : visions secrètes du Ve Dalaï Lama. Paris : Réunion des musées nationaux.
Beer, Robert , 2003. Les symboles du bouddhisme Tibétain. Albin Michel. Pp. 143-151